This table shows the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic alphabet, complete with a description of each sign and the name commonly given to the British and European transliteration characters by Egyptologists, listed in the order in which Egyptian dictionaries are arranged. These hieroglyphs are among the most common in use and form the basis of the written Egyptian language; most words are written with at least one of these letters, some exclusively so.
Sign | Transliteration | Trans. Name | Sign Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
British | European | MDC | |||
ꜣ | ꜣ | A | Aleph | Vulture | |
ı͗ | j | i | Yod (or I, or J) | Reed leaf | |
/ | y | y | y | Y | Double reed leaf / Dual strokes |
ꜥ | ꜥ | a | Ayin | Arm | |
/ | w | w | w | W | Quail chick / Coil of rope |
b | b | b | B | Foot | |
p | p | p | P | Reed mat or stool | |
f | f | f | F | Horned viper | |
/ | m | m | m | M | Owl / Unknown object |
/ | n | n | n | N | Water / Red crown |
r | r | r | R | Mouth | |
h | h | h | H | Enclosure | |
ḥ | ḥ | H | Dotted H | Rope | |
ḫ | ḫ | x | Third H | Unknown object | |
ẖ | ẖ | X | Fourth H | Belly and udder | |
s | z | z | S (or Z) | Door bolt | |
s | s | s | Second S (or S) | Bolt of cloth | |
/ / / | š | š | S | Shin | Pool |
ḳ | q | q | Dotted K (or Q) | Hill | |
/ | k | k | k | K | Basket |
/ | g | g | g | G | Jar stand / Bag |
t | t | t | T | Loaf of bread | |
ṯ | ṯ | T | Second T | Hobble | |
d | d | d | D | Hand | |
ḏ | ḏ | D | Second D | Cobra |
If you want to use an Egyptian dictionary it helps to know the order in which words are listed ;-) Here is a little game you can use to practise until you've got the order memorised. Just drag the letters around until they are in dictionary order and click "Check Order" to see whether you were right! You can keep checking the order as you go to see how close you are. Good luck!